Dynamics in the governance of smart cities: insights from South Korean smart cities

This paper aims to explain how the governance model changes in smart cities by using South Korea's experience as a case study. Korean city development is divided into three phases according national master plan and maturity of cities. Phase 1 took place from 2008 2013, phase 2 extended 2014 2018, 3 began 2019 will last 2023. The cases under consideration are representative cities: Seoul, Songdo, Sejong. analysis traces each throughout phases. According stakeholders’ roles relationships, categorized four types (corporate, market, multilevel, network governance). all showed little change. In Seoul market was dominant, while Sejong, multilevel was. However, 3, institutional setting changing facilitate government guided collaboration, giving more opportunities for private, academic, civil actors engage.